Introduction:

Whenever we are considering the computer for computing then the concept of Operating system is also come into our consideration. Merely the operating system is a software that enables the communication between computer hardware and software. It is used to make the hardware of the system useable. It conveys input to get processed by the processor and brings output to the hardware to display it. 

What is Linux?

1. The Linux is an open-source operating system like other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, iOS, Google android, etc. 

2. It is broadly used to denotes a complete family of free and open-source software operating system (for which we need not require to pay anything) distributions. 

3. These are completely get built around the Linux kernel. 

4. It was first started as a clone of the MINIX operating system. In order to bring such things feasible, some Open-source contributors are going to add the kernel of Linux and side by side they also expanded the feature of the hardware compatibility. 

5. So, the most important and reliable feature of Linux’s hardware is that it can support much hardware without having any compatibility issues and they are free. 

6. So, the free licensing made the Linux to become more popular choice for everyone for desktop and server computing.

7. It can be used from wristwatches to supercomputers. 

8. It is very effective and reliable, so it is being used everywhere in our day to day used devices like phones, laptops, PCs, cars and even in refrigerators.

9. Since it is easily compatible with all hardware, so it is very much famous among developers and normal computer users.

Unix:

1. Like Linux the Unix is multi-tasking environment.

2. It supports the concept of multi-user environment and hence it is also called as Multi user operating system.

3. Like Linux it is not free to use and is not open source. 

4. It was developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson team at AT&T Bell Labs. 

5. Due to its better functionality like similar to Linux It is widely used on servers, workstations etc.

Difference Between Linux and Unix:

Limitations of Linux:

1. The major limitation in Linux is that it has no standard edition of Linux.

2. It has basically a patchier support for most of its drivers which may result in misfunctioning of the entire system.

3. For beginners, the complete gripping on commands for Linux is bit difficult.

4. Many of the programs that we are using for Windows applications will only run-on Linux.

5. It supports the concept of a complicated emulator. For example. Microsoft Office.

Limitations of Unix:

1. Like Linux it is not so much user friendly.

2. It has basically terse, inconsistent, and non-mnemonic user interface.

3. Unix OS is designed for a slow computer system, so here the fast performance is usually not possible.

4. As it supports the concept of Shell interface so if a programmer did some typing mistake then it can destroy files.

5. Versions on various machines are slightly different, so it lacks consistency.

6. Unix does not provide any assured hardware interrupt response time.

7. It does not support real time response time systems.

Scope and Facility @ Naresh I Technology:

1. Naresh I Technologies is one of the top 5 computer training institutes in India. 

2. At NareshIT’s Linux  Developer program you will be able to get the extensive hands-on training in front-end, middleware, and back-end technology.

3. At Naresh IT you will get a good Experienced faculty who will guide you, mentor you and nurture you to achieve your dream goal.

4. Here you will get a good hand on practice in terms of practical industry-oriented environment which will definitely help you a lot to shape your future.

5. During the designing process of application, we will let you know about the other aspect of the application too. 

6. We have taken into account the response of professionals and learners from all around the world on the best courses that can help you become a LINUX  Developer. 

7. These are the best courses that can help you reach your goal. It would be really helpful for you if you check and go through them individually.

Introduction:

Whenever we are considering the computer for computing then the concept of Operating system is also come into our consideration. Merely the operating system is a software that enables the communication between computer hardware and software. It is used to make the hardware of the system useable. It conveys input to get processed by the processor and brings output to the hardware to display it. 

What is Linux?

1. The Linux is an open-source operating system like other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, iOS, Google android, etc. 

2. It is broadly used to denotes a complete family of free and open-source software operating system (for which we need not require to pay anything) distributions. 

3. These are completely get built around the Linux kernel. 

4. It was first started as a clone of the MINIX operating system. In order to bring such things feasible, some Open-source contributors are going to add the kernel of Linux and side by side they also expanded the feature of the hardware compatibility. 

5. So, the most important and reliable feature of Linux’s hardware is that it can support much hardware without having any compatibility issues and they are free. 

6. So, the free licensing made the Linux to become more popular choice for everyone for desktop and server computing.

7. It can be used from wristwatches to supercomputers. 

8. It is very effective and reliable, so it is being used everywhere in our day to day used devices like phones, laptops, PCs, cars and even in refrigerators.

9. Since it is easily compatible with all hardware, so it is very much famous among developers and normal computer users.

Linux Installation:

To install the Linux OS into the system, we need to proceed as below. Here it should be noted that we are having some prerequisite which must be needed to have with us. The most familiar version of Linux is Ubuntu. Here I am going to discuss the installation process of Ubuntu. 

Presently the Ubuntu is considered as a best option for desktop and laptops which includes almost everything that we usually need to run our organization, enterprise, school, or home. This software is open source, freely accessible, most secure, and reliable. It can be get installed very easily without having any compatibility issues.

Prerequisites:

Before we go for starting the installation of the software the following listed facts should be get cleared:

1. Your system should be properly get connected to a power source (Mostly it should be operated on UPS) as the power fluctuation may create the problem for the OS to get installed.

2. The software needs at least 20GB of free storage space in HDD (Hard Disk Drive recommended) but if you have lesser memory then also you can install the software in your system. But it should not be less than 5GB at least.

3. If you have access to either a DVD or a USB flash drive then it is good.

4. Before proceeding to install it is recommended that you should backup of your data. 

Boot from DVD/Flash Drive:

As we have already discussed in prerequisite section that if you have an access to DVD or Flash Drive then it is easy to install Ubuntu to your system. Here the all you need to do is as discussed below:

1. Put the Ubuntu DVD into your optical drive and wait for the system to get respond. But If you are going to use a Flash Drive like pen drive or SD card then, you can go ahead and plug it into the USB port.

2. Restart your computer. As soon as your computer boots you’ll be able to see the welcome window.

3. Then select your preferred language from a list and proceed ahead.

4. Depending on your computer’s configuration, you’ll be presented with either a large language pane which you can navigate through using your cursor keys/mouse/touchpad or a simple installation menu, like the one shown below. 

5. Go for option, Install Ubuntu, and press return to launch the desktop installer automatically.

6. Alternatively, you could also select the first option, Try Ubuntu without installing to give Ubuntu a test run.

Preparations for Installing Ubuntu:

1. When we are going to install the Ubuntu it will ask you to select your keyboard layout, first. 

2. But if any way the installer doesn’t prompt you to guess the default layout correctly, then here another option is also existing.

3. At this case we can use the Detect Keyboard Layout button. 

4. Then after press the Select Continue option.

1. Soon After the installer asked you about What apps would you like to install to start with? 

2. At this stage you come to have two options such as Normal installation and Minimal installation. But it is mostly recommended that we should go with Normal Installation.

3. Beneath the installation-type question are two checkboxes; we reckon to enable both Download and Install Third-Party Software.

4. It is also better option If you are get connected to the internet during installation then it will update all its component automatically otherwise you can update it later also.

5. But if the internet is not present then it will be asked to select a wireless network, if available. 

Allocate Drive Space:

1. It is the most important phase because you need to assign the memory to OS.

2. Here there will be these checkboxes to choose from. 

3. If you have an unallocated partition in your HDD then the OS will automatically get acknowledge it otherwise make a choice, whether you’d like to install Ubuntu alongside another operating system.

4. Click on Install Now to begin and copy the installation of files to your System HDD. 

Begin Installation:

1. A small pane will appear and have an overview of the storage options you’ve chosen so just go to the bottom section and click agree option.

2. But if the details are not as per your wish then with the chance to go back you can move back.

3. Click Continue to fix those changes in place and start the installation process.

Select Location:

1. Since As per the before prerequisite if you are already have connected to the internet, then the system will automatically detected the location otherwise you need to select it manually. 

2. After the location inputted to the window you can check and verify if your location is accurate or not.

3. Now click on Forward to proceed ahead.

Login:

1. The installer will automatically suggest a computer name and username once you enter your name. 

2. These can easily be changed if you prefer. The computer name is how your computer will appear on the network, while your username will be your login and account name.

1. Next, set a strong password for better security. 

Background Installation:

1. The installer tells you a little about how fantastic Ubuntu is, while it completes in the background. This should only take a few minutes.

Installation Complete:

1. After the installation and configuration, a small window appears asking you to restart your machine. Click on Restart Now and when prompted, remove either the DVD or flash drive you’ve plugged in.

Scope and Facility @ Naresh I Technology:

1. Naresh I Technologies is one of the top 5 computer training institutes in India. 

2. At NareshIT’s Linux  Developer program you will be able to get the extensive hands-on training in front-end, middleware, and back-end technology.

3. At Naresh IT you will get a good Experienced faculty who will guide you, mentor you and nurture you to achieve your dream goal.

4. Here you will get a good hand on practice in terms of practical industry-oriented environment which will definitely help you a lot to shape your future.

5. During the designing process of application, we will let you know about the other aspect of the application too. 

6. We have taken into account the response of professionals and learners from all around the world on the best courses that can help you become a LINUX  Developer. 

7. These are the best courses that can help you reach your goal. It would be really helpful for you if you check and go through them individually.

As you know that the Linux is an open-source operating system just like other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, iOS, Google android, etc used. It is broadly used to denotes a complete family of free and open-source software operating system (for which we need not require to pay anything) distributions. These are completely get built around the Linux kernel. It was first started as a clone of the MINIX operating system. In order to bring such things feasible, some Open-source contributors are going to add the kernel of Linux and side by side they also expanded the feature of the hardware compatibility. So, the most important and reliable feature of Linux’s hardware is that it can support much hardware without having any compatibility issues and they are free. So, the free licensing made the Linux to become more popular choice for everyone for desktop and server computing. 

Here I am going to discuss the following important aspect related to python and I hope it will help you to understand the Linux in more details.

Linux Basic Commands:

If you need to be familiar with Linux, first you need to understand the basic commands for Linux. Hence, I am going to discuss a list of useful Linux commands here which will guide you and will be of help no matter which Linux Curriculum you choose to learn from. It should be noted that the Linux provides a CLI (Command Line Interface) to communicate with the OS. Here are the most basic of the Linux Commands.

• pwd: This command is basically used in Linux to displays the current working directory where the user is using the terminal. 

syntax: $ pwd

• echo: When we need to write its arguments to standard output on a terminal then this command is being used. 

syntax: $ echo "<text>"

Note: It should also be noted that when we need to use to switch to root-user and sometimes the superuser permissions if we need to execute then this command is basically used.

• su: This command is basically get used when we need to switch to a different user. 

syntax: $ su 

• su <username>: Like similar to above, this command is mainly we are going to used when we need to switch to a different user and specifically whose name must be get passed as the argument.

syntax: $ su <username>

• sudo: When we are going to executes only the command with root/ superuser privileges then this command is mostly get used otherwise not.

syntax: $ sudo <command>

• clear: When we are going to clear the content of the terminal then this command is used. By using this the Contents will not actually be deleted in this case but present below the terminal. If we need to see, then we need to scrolled down. 

syntax: $ clear

Note: I have discussed the important command above which we are going to use more frequently here. But if you need to understand then you can reach to us.

Linux Commands: Working with Files

Working with files are the most important need for every programmer and thus we need to have the idea on it that how we are going to work with this. To have a small glance I am going to discuss the few important command here.  

• cp: This command copies files and directories. Here it should be get noted that while doing the copy, a copy of the file/directory copied, still remains in the working directory.

syntax: $ cp <flag> {filename} /pathname/

Here I am going to share a list of sub command which is used along with the cp command as below along with the explanation.

• mv: This command is basically used to moves files and directories from one directory to another. But it should be noted that if the user is allowed to move the file/directory once, then it is get deleted from the working directory.

syntax: $ mv <flag> {filename} /pathname/

• rm: This command is basically used to removes the specified files from a directory. It should be noted that by default, it does not remove any directories. It is a permanent kind of operation where once the file is get removed, the contents of a file cannot be recovered later.

syntax: $ rm <flag> {filename}

• grep: This command is mostly get used when we need to search for a particular string/ word in a text file. 

syntax: $ grep <flag or element_to_search> {filename}

• cat: This command is basically use when we are going to read, modify or concatenate text files. It also displays file contents.

syntax: $ cat <flag> {filename}

Note: I have discussed the important command above which we are going to use more frequently here. But if you need to understand then you can reach to us.

Linux Commands: Working with Directories

• ls: This command lists all the contents in the current working directory.

syntax: $ ls <flag>

• cd: This command is used to change the current working directory of the user.

syntax: $ cd /pathname/

• sort: This command sorts the results of a search either alphabetically or numerically. Files, file contents and directories can be sorted using this command.

syntax: $ sort <flag> {filename}

• mkdir: This command is used to create a new directory.
• rmdir: This command is used to remove a specified directory. Although by default, it can only remove an empty directory, there are flags which can be deployed to delete the non-empty directories as well.

syntax: $ rmdir <flag> {directoryname}

Linux Commands: Working with User Permissions

• chmod: This command is used to change the access permissions of files and directories. Consider the example below.

syntax: $ chmod <permissions of user,group,others> {filename}

Linux Commands: Installing Packages

Here I am going to discuss some of the stable version of Linux OS and their relevant Commands to install them successfully into your system.

• install packages:

For an RHEL based system;

syntax: $ sudo yum install package-name

For a Debian based system;

syntax: $ sudo apt-get install package-name

For a Fedora based system;

syntax: $ sudo dnf install package-name

Linux Commands: Working with Zipped Files

When we need to work with the Zip files, we need to download a package from the internet. It is free of cost and more reliable. Here the downloaded file gets come in the compressed form. So, you need to unzip it when you are going to use it. Here I am going to discuss some important commands to decompress and compress files in Linux.

• tar: The following command is used to zip files of .tar format.

syntax: $ tar –cvf tar-filename source-folder-name

The following command is used to unzip files of .tar format.

syntax: $ tar –xvf tar-file-name

Working with Secure Shell for Remote Machine Access:

To work with the remote system and to get the access for the remote system, we are going to use the following command as discussed below.

• ssh: Before going to use this command, let me to clear you that, this is the command which is used to define the cryptographic network protocol. When we are going to use this command for the OS, the operating network services are very much secure over an unsecured network.

The command mentioned below is basically used on running at the slave node. By using this you will give remote access to the master system.

syntax: $ ssh <master's ip>

The command mentioned below is basically used on running at the master node. By using this you will give remote access to the slave system.

syntax: $ ssh <slave's ip>

Scope and Facility @ Naresh I Technology:

1. Naresh I Technologies is one of the top 5 computer training institutes in India. 
2. At NareshIT’s Linux  Developer program you will be able to get the extensive hands-on training in front-end, middleware, and back-end technology.
3. At Naresh IT you will get a good Experienced faculty who will guide you, mentor you and nurture you to achieve your dream goal.
4. Here you will get a good hand on practice in terms of practical industry-oriented environment which will definitely help you a lot to shape your future.
5. During the designing process of application, we will let you know about the other aspect of the application too. 
6. We have taken into account the response of professionals and learners from all around the world on the best courses that can help you become a LINUX  Developer. 
7. These are the best courses that can help you reach your goal. It would be really helpful for you if you check and go through them individually.